You're correct as to what could definitely be part of the problem. If Facebook can't 'see' your content, it won't be able to know the open graph tags that you've set on the page. The easiest way to test that is to run your page through the
Facebook URL Debug Tool
. If the results there are from your login page (or wherever guests, like Facebook) would be directed, that's a problem.
There isn't an easy method around this. We do have plans for a future release later this year to implement a way for Facebook to 'peek' into registered content, but it's in the very early planning stages, and not something I can give any timeline on when it would be available.
With all that said, the error message you're getting is strange on it's own. I'm not sure why FB is querying information about the current user at all. If possible, the easiest thing to test and narrow things down is to setup a similar action on a public page that Facebook can scan and see what happens.
I hope that helps clarify and make some progress,
Alex